Odor Control 10

Storage Options

Manure storages are different from treatment lagoons in that they are only sized to provide storage for manure, wastewater, and rainfall for 3 to 8 months. Manure storages can vary greatly in how they are constructed. Some are earthen basins and can appear to be a treatment lagoon. Others are above-ground tanks that look like silos.

Earthen Storage Basins

Earthen basins are earth-walled structures that are partially above or below grade that are designed and constructed to prevent ground water contamination. They can provide 3 to 12 months of storage at a low to moderate investment. Depending on soil type and unloading methods, a clay or concrete liner may be required. Common materials used for basin liners are clay-type soils, geosynthetic plastic, or concrete. If the soil near the basin is too porous then clay soil can be obtained from another site. However, the cost of a clay liner may exceed the cost of a synthetic liner if the clay must be transported a large distance (over 5 miles).

Proper installation and maintenance is required to seal the basin regardless of the type of liner used. Provide a concrete pad and ramp at each agitation and pumping location to protect the basin seal during unloading. A contractor experienced in basin construction is required for the installation of all basin liners. Check with your NRCS office or hire a qualified professional engineer for help in evaluating site suitability, dike construction, bottom sealing, and basin wall side slopes.

Below-Ground Storage Tanks

Slurry manure can be stored in below-ground concrete tanks. Below-ground tanks can be built below the slotted floor of the swine building or to the side of the building. If the concrete tank is outside of the building a concrete cover is recommended. A covered tank eliminates the storage volume required for precipitation, and greatly reduces the transport of odors by wind. Runoff from outside lots should not be stored in a covered below-ground concrete tank due to the relatively high cost. The same is true for a concrete tank beneath slotted floors.

Storage depth may be limited by soil depth over bedrock, water table elevation, and possibly, effective lift of a pump. Tanks must be designed to withstand all anticipated earth, hydrostatic, and live loads. Contact the Agricultural and Biological Engineering Department at Clemson University, your NRCS office, or a consulting engineer to obtain assistance on concrete tank design.

Above-Ground Storage Tanks

Above-ground manure tanks are usually short, large-diameter tanks resembling silos. They are more expensive than earthen basins or below-ground tanks. However, they provide an alternative where basins are limited by space, high ground water, or shallow creviced bedrock. Because of the higher cost, runoff should be minimized and flush systems should not be considered if an above-ground storage tank is needed.

Above-ground liquid storages are from 10 - 30 ft high and 30 -120 ft in diameter. They are made of concrete stave, reinforced concrete, and steel. Leaks from joints, seams, or bolt holes can be unsightly, but most small leaks quickly seal with manure. The joint between the foundation and the sidewall can be a problem with improper construction. The reliability of the dealer and construction crew are as important as the tank material in assuring an environmentally safe structure.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Manure Storages

Odor Control for Manure Storages

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